A pending change is a change made by the model user to data inside a [[Invantive Control for Excel/Concepts/Block|block]] that has not yet been sent to the facts database. Pending changes are stored in the workbook's hidden [[Invantive Control for Excel/Repository/Repository|repository]], so they survive saving and re-opening the workbook: a model user can work offline and upload later. A pending change is one of three actions: - **insert**: a new row was added, for instance via the "Add Row" button or the [[Auto_Add]] extension; - **update**: one or more field values of an existing row were changed; the old and new value of each changed field are recorded; - **delete**: a row was removed via the "Remove Row" button. Each pending change records the block, the primary key value of the affected row, the action, the changed fields with their old and new values, and the timestamps of first and last change. Pending changes can be reviewed in the pending changes list, opened with the "Pending Changes" button on the [[Invantive Control for Excel/User Interface/Control Ribbon|Control Ribbon]]. From there individual changes can be inspected and discarded. During the upload step of [[Invantive Control for Excel/Concepts/Synchronization|synchronisation]], Invantive Control translates the pending changes of each block into [[Invantive UniversalSQL/Invantive UniversalSQL|Invantive UniversalSQL]] insert, update and delete statements, unless the block defines instead-of triggers that replace the default statements. After a successful upload the pending changes are cleared.